Research on Ayurveda
                        - Dr. Rameshwor Adhikary
                                                      Lecturer, Ayurved Campus, TU

Ayurveda is a most ancient life science in this universe. It has been practised and learning, and teaching process continuously is with satisfaction.

To prevent & to cure the diseases (swasthashya swasthya rakshyanam aaturashya vikara prashamanam)is the main motto of this science for human being. In this contex there are so many principles regarding to be healthy according to the Ayurvedic sadhus or can say good conducts for good health such as – one should not insult any body, one should not enjoy alone, one should not lose good spirit, one should not indulge in yawning, sneezing or laughter without covering his/her mouth, one should not take curd at night, one should not let out sputum, urine etc. in front of the wind, fire water or facing towards the moon and the sun.

If we observe there principles simultaneously fulfils both the objective i.e. maintenance of positive health and control of sense faculties, speak timely, beneficial, measured sweet words, be self controlled, having faith in God, stop exercise before exertion etc. In the same way there are so many well described good principles of treatment for the cure of diseased persons. Among them are:-
“Tadeva yuktam bhaishjyam yada rogaya kalpate” which is according to charaka Sutrasthan chapter 1/134 that very medicine may be taken as properly administered which is capable to bring about disease free condition.

“Prayoga shamayed vyadhi yonyamnya mudiraet nashau vishuddha, shuddhastu shamayed yona kopayet”- charaka nidan chapter 8/23. That therapy which pacifies one disorder but at the same time gives rise to some other disorder is not coorect; the correct one is that which while pacifying a disorder does not excite another one.

Abundance, effectivity, various pharmaceuticals forms, normal composition are the four qualities of drugs described according to Ayurveda by Acharya charaka. Another concept for medicines in Ayurveda that “ochito yasya yo desha tajjam tasyaushadham hitam”. Locally available medicines are more beneficial to the local people which is researchable.

Actually, Research is Research which is necessary in any field for the advancement of that science. In Ayurveda, the field of Research is very big because Acharya Sushruta has said his treatises Sushruta Samhita sootrasthan’s dravya vishesha vigyaniya’ that “nanushadhi bhutam jagati...” which means there is nothing in the world without medicine, even sand is also used in Ayurveda as medication as using in fomentation. Similarly plant product, animal product and minerals are used in medicines after prepared of necessary processing etc.

Conceptually, the two basic concepts of Ayurveda, namely the multiplicity of the effects of the crude drug preparations, and the effects of the crude drugs on more than one system of the body are interlinked. Though the facts such as chemical complexity of the crude Ayurvedic preparations, multiplicity of the action of the crude drug. Some ancient works are reported regarding the effects of crude Ayurvedic drugs kutaja on different systems as- while being used commonly in the treatment of a disease. Thus it is considered appropriate to test the Ayurvedic concepts of multiple effects of drug, also involving the cardiovascular system because of the main system of the body.

In this context, it has been mentioned the about kutaja. Uses of kutaja in Ayurveda treatises:-
Kutaja is mentioned in all the Ayurvedic literatures since charaka Sushruta. It is used for the treatment of diarrhoea, dysentery, bleeding piles by the all scholars of Ayurveda. Except these well known indications it is also used in other diseases, in various formulations. In charaka Samhita it is indicated in single as well as in compound from in many diseases eg. Kushhta, Arsha, Kandu, Jwasa, Prameha, Ahisar, Rajayakshma, Raktatisar, Grahani, Gulma, Hridayaroga, vranaropana and for vamana purpose too.

Many of times, kutaja is used as an ingredient of a compound medicine. Sushruta has mentioned its utility if prameha, alomg with its used atisar, pravahika, udavasta, Hridroga, Anaha, Arsha etc. Acharya Bagbhata also has given a big list of its indication for many diseases like charaka Samhita and indicates its usefulness for the treatment of Mutraghat too. Acharya shrangadhara has mentioned some kutaja preparations for the treatment of acute and chronic atisara, raktatisara, jwasa, pravahika, pnadu, Raktapitta, kamala, Amlapitta, shotha etc.

Acharya Bhavprakash has mentioned it as a remedy for shukrashmaree when administered with curd and kutaja is indicated in different urogenital disorder too. Such as –Dysuria, uterine bleeding, retained plachita etc. In the texts of later period, such as yogaratnakara, Placents Bhaushajyaratuavali, kutaja is mentioned for the treatment of the above mentioned diseases. As like as kutaja basti its seeds have also great importance for therapeutic purpose. The seeds are mentioned in various literatures by its name Indrayaba as well as synonyms like kutajaveeja, kutajaphala, kalingayona, vatsaveeja.

It is indicated for the treatment of Kapha, Aruchi, Hridroga, Mutrakrichha, kushtta, vishamajwara, Raktapitta, Raktapradara, Gulma, Galaganda, Arsha, Grahani, Atisara, Vishuchika etc.

Some pharmacological studies are:-
1. Circulation- Even small intravenous (IV) in a cat without any alteration in frequency or intensity of heart.
Adhikary at el in BHU also found hypotensive drug action from kutaja preparation crude drug kutajarishta. In much higher doses, there was slowing of heart rate.
Volumes of liver, spleen and kidney are decreased due to vasoconstriction of these sites. However, intestinal volume increases markedly with complete inhibition of intestinal movements. Thus hypotension occurs due to dilatation of intestinal vessels and to a lesser extent to the engorgement of the lung.
In uterus- These alkaloids can be safely given in pregnancy.
Local effects- Oedema appears if given locally Injection of 6% solution given intramuscularly (IM) which is completely disappears within 48 hrs. It is probably due to acidity of salts.
2-Alimentary system-
Concessive appears to have a depressing action on the digestive ferments. The action of ptyalin, Pepsin and trypsin is inhibited by it. So the preparations of H.antidysenterica should be preferably give two hours after meal.
Chopra has mentioned the following pharmacological actions of total alkaloids apart from their antiamoebic activity.

3-Respiratory system- It has depressant action on respiratory system. Adhikary at el found in BHU in men slowing the rate of respiration. The experiment was done in IMS, BHU India. In tracings before drug kutajarishta installation in 11:05 am the rate of respiration was 23 and after drug installation found the rate of respiration only 19 times &after 11.25 am observed.
4-Nervous system- It produces necrosis in frogs but not in mammals. 5% solution produces complete anasthesis in eye of a rabbit within 6-12 min after dropping in eye. The alkaloid produces local anesthesia but causes local necrosis on subcutaneous injections.
5-Other effects- Even higher doses are not depressant mentally and bodily. Pulse remains normal in frequency, tension & rhythm. There was no alteration in the heart sounds even in cases of cardiac diseases. In a report of Thailand in 1950 bark was called to be astringent antidysenteric and anthelmintic.

Conclusion:-
Research in Ayurveda has been found many in ancient Acharyas without microscopic observations or directly observations as modern era but their inference was so intellect that it will be difficult to compare now. But however in any science it is most necessary to research time to time otherwise it will be difficult to advancement that science. This problem is the main problem for the advancement of Ayurveda. It is necessary to do research in Ayurveda according to the principles of Ayurveda and its technique but is also necessary to do research works with modern technological parameters so that we can presents all over the world easily. The vast field of Ayurveda needs more and more research in this era which is near to nature and very beneficial.

Clinical study of H.antidysenterica was started as early as in 1881 by Ram chandra Dutta who recorded a clinical cure of several cases of acute and chronic dysentery by administration of extract made from the bark later on kannai lal Dey in 1896 to determine the real merits of kurchi bark in the treatments of dysentery.

In 1923 will more did not find favourable results with concessive when give intramuscularly to the cases of refractory to emetine.

In 1924 koma of Madras shaved very satisfactory resulting in dysentery of both children and adults by liquid extract of kurchi bark.

There was no effect of concessive given intramuscularly in the tear 1928 of Knowles but found effect of emetine hypodermically and tabloid orally.

It should not produce any toxic effects like emetine even on prolonged use chopra. Oral use of kurchi bark was not found to be more useful.

Kurchi gum is also reported to be effective in some cases of dysentery.

Benthal, Bressass and chepra have mentioned that leaves are used in chronic bronchitis and for boils and ulcers. On Bihar, roots and leaves are used to stop hemorrhage after child birth and epistaxis. Flowers are eaten and also employed in blood diseases. Wood ash is reported to be used in chhotanagpur for dying purposes andas an acoustic to open the abscesses.

Asavarishta preparations have occupied a unique place amongst in Ayurveda. These preparations mentioned in Ayurveda. These Preparations are more popular and appreciated because of their quich achau, high preserving qualities and very long shelf-lie.